Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic variables that identify the quality of velocity in soccer players at different competitive levels and playing positions. Forty-two soccer players took part in a 30 m sprint-test, which was measured using a laser sensor-type 1 LDMJenoptik at Hz. There were no significant differences in average velocity between competitive and non-competitive players; however, the former reached a greater maximum velocity in the 10—20 m section.
Average velocity in the 0—10 m section identified specificity among playing positions in competitive players. No differences were found among the non-competitive players. Average velocity over the 0—10 meter section may be an important indicator when assigning a playing position for competitive players.
Short sprints are very common in many team sports including soccer, rugby, basketball, hockey, etc. High intensity activities are defined as those that are carried out from 5.
Scientific data substantiating the importance of power and velocity in soccer are scarce Faude et al. Studies on sprinting indicate that during a match a player is standing for Krustrup et al.
Short-sprinting performance might be an important determinant of match-winning actions Cometti et al. Di Salvo et al. In terms of the section analyzed 0—5 m, 5. Faude et al. Straight sprinting was the most frequent and dominant powerful action in decisive offensive situations followed by jumps, cuts and changes of direction.
Considering the relevance of straight sprinting in decisive situations, the authors recommended that fitness training and testing should include such sprints.
Other studies focused on analyzing the differences in performance between elite and sub-elite soccer players and observed that the elite players reached faster times over 15 m, 25 m and 30 m sprint distances than did the sub-elite players Reilly et al. Cometti et al. With regard to speed, some authors point to several aspects that should be assessed, such as acceleration and maximum velocity over an average of three repetitions, and they suggested the use of 10 m and 20 m tests, respectively Sayers et al.
Other authors used a 30 m test Gil et al. Based on the aforementioned articles, the present study considered specific sprint characteristics in a game, according to the field position and competitive level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze whether using the 30 m sprint test, registered with an accurate laser system, could identify the different playing positions in soccer players at different competitive levels.
The present study compared performance of soccer players from different playing positions and competitive levels in a 30 m sprint test to observe whether there was a difference in the quality of velocity among the different positions. Forty-two soccer players participated in the study and were divided into eight groups according to their competitive level competitors and non-competitors and playing position central defenders, wide players, including wide defenders and wide midfielders, central midfielders and forwards.
Thirty dependent variables were defined and measured in the 0—10, 10—20, 20—30, 0—20, 0—30 and 10—30 m sections obtaining absolute and relative times, average and maximum absolute and relative velocities.
We expected to find differences among the groups that would make it possible to define the variables that determine speed performance in soccer players. These data could help coaches to determine which velocity characteristics are most suitable for each playing position. A total of 42 university students from the Physical Activity and Sport Sciences program participated in this study.
They were divided into two groups based on their performance level: competitive and non-competitive soccer players. The competitive group consisted of 21 soccer players who competed in the national level junior, first or second regional divisions. The non-competitive group consisted of 21 physically active subjects who played soccer 2—3 days a week. Each group was further divided into four subgroups according to their position on the field: 11 defenders, 13 wide defenders and wide midfielders, 11 central midfielders and 7 forwards Table 1.
These subgroups were based on Di Salvo et al. None of the participants was suffering from injuries at the time of the test. All of them wore comfortable sports gear and soccer boots for the tests. The laser sensor has a measuring range of 0. The tests were performed on a natural grass pitch on two consecutive days between 10 a.
The meteorological conditions were similar with dry sunny weather, and there were similar conditions on the grass pitch on both days.
The test started with a standard 15 min warm-up, which included continuous running, joint mobility, static and dynamic stretching of the lower and upper limbs and 3—4 series of 30 m runs at increasing velocity until a submaximal velocity was reached. The participant then stood at the starting line with the front foot on the line and the trunk behind it. The starting signal was verbal. Each player performed three 30 m sprints with a 5 min rest period between runs.
Position data were recorded at a sampling frequency of Hz. Average data were calculated for each 10 records, obtaining plots and data for positions and velocities to Hz in real time. The data were filtered at a frequency of 3 Hz with a second-order Butterworth low-pass filter.
The following variables were calculated:. A two-way ANOVA was applied using the level of competition 2 levels and the playing position 4 levels as factors along with 30 dependent variables. The normality of the variables was tested with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and the coefficients of asymmetry and kurtosis were found. Lastly, the effect of the interaction among the competitive level and playing positions was studied among the eight groups formed.
All the calculations were performed with the SPSS Descriptive data of average velocities by the sections of the soccer players participating in the study. Descriptive data of maximum velocities by the sections, in absolute and relative values, of the soccer players participating in the study.
Specificity was evident in the playing position in relation to average velocity in the 0—10 m section with the forwards being the fastest, followed by the central midfielders, wide defenders-midfielders and central defenders, in this order. Effect of the interaction among the level of competition and playing positions for Vm 0—10 m.
The 30 m test has often been used by authors to assess velocity of soccer players Reilly et al. The results of this study indicated that there were no significant differences in the time T0—30 m between the groups of competitors and non-competitors, which were T0— 4. The results obtained from elite players by Reilly et al. The data on times per section in the competitive players were T0— 1.
This result seems logical due to the difference in the competitive level between the two groups of soccer players. The time analysis considered in the present study made it possible to discriminate the partial times for the 30 m sprint. In a study carried out with professional first division, second division and amateur French soccer players, Cometti et al.
Analysis of partial times may be necessary to achieve meaningful results, as the soccer players obtain very similar results in a 30 m sprint test, but different times for the first 10 m of the test. The most innovative aspect of the present study was the possibility of describing the velocity curves over the 30 m sprint with a laser system at a frequency of Hz.
Another innovative aspect of the present study is the presentation of standardized variables with their relative value. It also makes it possible to compare participants or the performance of the same participant, at different moments in the year and to find out the percentage gain or loss experienced.
In the 10—20 m section significant differences were found between the two groups with a Vmax10—20 of 8. Follow us. Register Log in. My Profile points. Log out. New Games Most Popular Games.
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